Concrete wall construction



Feb, zz, 1927".Y

. N. GARRETT f coucmsr WALL- CONSTRUCTION Filed Nov. 1s. 1924- 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTQR. /VfAL 649057?- ATTORNEYS. Y

Feb. 22,1927.

N. GARRETT CONCRETE WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed Nov. 13. 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN VEN TOR.

64mg: f7'

" .A TToRNEYs.

Feb. z2, 1927. 1,618,421

N. GARRETT CONCRETE WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed Nov.13. 1,924 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 'f 0 Z 39" 3o Q2 301 I N VEN T 0R. /VfAL 64mm?? 'BY fa v AT'ToRNEYsI VPatented Feb. 22, 1927.

N'EAL G'Annnfrr, for BEnKEL'EY, fjcALronnIA.

.CXONCRETE WALL CONSTRUCTION. v

Apinic'at'ionined Noveiber 13, 1924. .serial No. masse.

The present invention relates to improvements in concrete wall construction, andhas particular reference to convenient means for erecting forms for a concrete structure. is particularlyV contemplated to provide easily manipulated collapsible 'forms for hollow wall structures and particularly for such structuresin ywhich concrete is sprayed or plastered against the faceofa wooden form. `It is'further proposed to provide means whereby concrete studdings for the hollow` walls may be Vmade integral with the walls and completed in one continuous lspraying or plasteringoperation. It is further contemplated to provide means allowingr the hollow formof aj house to be built up at one time so'- that the whole spraying or plastering operation 4for' the Whole house may ltie-performed withoutinterruption; In

tl1isspeC'ilicatiOn, the term concrete is used -toinclude adobe, plaster, stucco, cement, ce-

ment stucco, molten silica, etc.

Further objects and advantages of my de- Vice will appear' as the specification proceeds. l

The preferred forms of my device are il'- lustrated inthe accompanying drawings, 111 which- Fig. l shows, in isometric representation, oneV arrangement of forms using pre-cast pillars for studdings;

Fig. 2 a vertical section through thesalme;

Fig. 3 an isometric detail view of a holding member for spacing bars;

l Fig. la top plan view of rangement; Y a

Fig. 5 an isometric View' of a modifiedcorner arrangement;

Figs. 6, 7 and 8, 'top plan views of further modifications;

i Fig. 9 an isometric view illustrating an arrangement by which interior wall andceiling may be applied in one operation;

Fig. 10 a vform containing a window form, and

Figs. 11 and 12 views explaining a further modiiication. p

In Lthe drawings, the vvertical scale has a modified ar` beenfgreatly reduced.v The kwalls-*referred to in this specification are of the proportions o-f those used in ordinary building construction. n a

While I "have shown only 'fa limited-num-v ber fof 'modifieations' ing-the drawings, .it

should be' understood that still further modiiications ymay be made Awithout departing from the spiritof the invention. i

,In thev form illustrated in Fig,y l, I'provide a basel resting either on the foundationer on the baretground or possibly-on an underlyingwall. Ontop of this base lie in spaced.y and parallel relation two runners 2 having nailing 1 strips 3 secured thereto.

Between the two runners and their VVrespective nailing strips, I provide a number of columns or V pillars el arranged to occupy transversely the whole spacejbetween the runners. Above each pillar I arrange `a casting A@preferably .of metal andformed tov project "outside of kthe pillar to provide pockets 7 in which spacers 8 arereceived, the latter Vbeing disposed ltohave their inner facesy inthe same plane as the inner facesof the runners2. The forms 9 are preferably made to lill the space between two pillars in the manner rindicated in F ig. l', and Vtwo fornisare Vintroduced between eaclrset of pillars. A wedge 1l with a suitable handle l2 is introduced betweenthe two forms and .2

when suitably manipulated forces the two forins'apart so that the edges thereof rest against the spacers and. the runners respectively.' VA wire netting 1 3, or -any other suitable reinforcin-g y1ne ans,n iay be nailed to the strip 3 and the spacers 8 at'a distance from thefpillars and the outer faces of the forms 9 and. the pillars areA preferably provided with any suitable rmeans ll connecting .the wire' netting to the p illars. -The forms 9, and all other forms referred to in this specification, must haveltheir surfaces covered with paper, oil, or some4 other `material to keep the concrete'from sticking to them.

The manner ofy using this arrangement is readily understooda After the pillars 4 have been erected on kthe basel and the runners 2 have been placed in their proper.4 positions, the spacers 8 are introduced and engaged with the h'olding members 6 in themanner illustrated in the ligure. rlhe ,two forms 9 are then introduced ybetween each set of pillars and forced apart by means of the wedge Vlljsfo that the vupper and loweredges of the been selected, and is allowed to set. Alfter the time l'or setting has expired, the wedges 'l1 are turned by means ofthe handle l2 and the forms 9 are allowed to or made to collapse inwardly whereupon they may be withdawn. rl`he spacers and the holders for the spacers may now also be removed and :Forms and spacers may be used over again lior a second operation.

In the variation shown in Fig. Ll, two sets ol': iliorms 1l and le are used between two neighboring,- pillars and the 'terms .ot ong set are provided with inward proyections Llr which serve as stops for a modilied wedge lil.

In Fig. `5 is shown the arrangement used for a corner if it is desired to east two sides of the house in one operation. In that case it is necessary to lay one set ol spacers 19 on top o'l a second set of spacers 2l in the manner illustrated in the ligure and to compensate ilor the higher elevation of the spacers 19, the pillars 22 supporting the holders for the latter spacers have a block Q3 interposed between the top ot the pillar and the holder for the spacer so as to allow pillars of the same size to be used all around the house. It will be noted that at the inner joint, the cornersfor the forms have to be out away as shown at Q4: to accommodate the spacer which would otherwise be in the way.

Fig. G shows that instead of, or in addition to, the elements already described for engagement with edge portions of the outer faces o'f the forms, the pillars7 columns, or studs 3l may be provided with flanges 32 against which a shoulder :28 ol' the forms 2G may be wedged. To eliminate a crack be tween the `[langes 3Q and the outer ilace ot' the form 26, the form preferably should be provided with yielding flaps 29. The forms 26 are held in spaced relation by the wedge il?. according: to the ijiriuoiple previously outlined1 and with these exceptions the forms Q6 and the columns 3l perform identically the saine llnictions as the 'lorins il and the columns (t of Fie'. l..

Similar t'orms and roliunns may be used to cast slabs not in other than vertical position 'for rooting and the like,

I'n Fig. 'i' is shown an a rrangcuient allowiupr studdings to be cast or `lfoi'nied sinud' taneously with the sides oit the hollow wall so that. no pre-east pillars are neccsrry. The two -forms 34 which are held in spaced relation, according to the principles previously outlined, by means of the we ,ce 3G are cut away at their outer edges as shown at 30, and preferably provided with tin flaps 30 extending` over the cut-out portions. Two adjacent arrangenienls oit this chan acter are made to leave a gap 3l between the same and the space between the two forms `of one unit is preferably closed against the gap by means of the springs 33 engaging with the reduced edges 34 of the forms and tendingr to torce the same together. W'hile the forms are sprung apart by the wedges 3G, the springs serve as a separating wall between the gap 3l and the spaces between the forms. The concrete may now be applied to the outer faces of the Vforms and the spray may at the same time be directed against the gap, preferably iii-st at an angle from the lett hand side, as viewed in lF 7, so as to provide a heavy coat on the :tace ol? the right spring 33 and then Afrom the right hand side to ilorm a heavy coat on the left member until gradually the whole gap is filled up and for-ms a studding or pillar integral with the concrete walls. This method can be used also with hand-placed mortar. i

ritter the concreto has been applied in this manner and has set, the spring member lliserves to collapse the two forms inwardly as soon as the wedge 36 is released.

In the modification shown in Fig. 8, regular anule irons 37 are used to define the gap.

In Fig'. 9 is shown in isometric viewan arrangement for applying `the ceilinLgr and walls in one continuous operation. Transverse joists 38 are placed on the pillars 39 in the manner shown, whereby slots 4l in the joists may be made to register with reintorcing elements 42 extending upwardly .trom the pillars. The members 38 do not necessarily represent Vjoists but may be beams supporting aa'oof. A wire netting 43 is suspended from the joists 38 by means of rods lll and the wire netting may be made to join the `wire netting' :for the inner wall, as shown at 4G, so that the inner wall and ceiling may be applied in one operation. It will be readily understood, of course, that in a` similar manner the whole building,r inize'ht be constructed in one single operation.

lVhereit desired lo provide anopening' ot any shape a simple 'trame 457 corresponding; to the opening.;f desired, may be secured lo the lorm l) in the manner illustrated in liig'. 10, and may be knocked down after the concrete f-:urroundiner the saine has set. A wire i0 `may be tied around the outside oi', but not attached to, the iframe 47. and may be used vior securing?r the ends of the roinforcing wire nettingthereto,

In Figs. il and l2 shown a 'Further iii inliiication allowing of the construction olE a hollow wall with studdings formed integral therewith in two operations. The mene bers i8 ot' these views correspond to the spacing members previously described and are supliorted similarly preferably with vertical rods 49 provided opposite those places where the studdings are to be placed. Forms 5l are secured between the spacing bars 49 and runners 'disposed underneath the same, as shown in Fig. l, the confronting edges of the forms heilig spaced to provide gaps 52.

Sl (l llla'i lll) the spacing member on one side and the formy so as to force'the latter toward the other spacing member, and the boards 53 are preferably arranged so as to narrow the gap as shown at 54. One side of the wall may now be sprayed or plastered, the concrete entering the gap 52and the reduced gap 54, so that at the end of the operation, one side is cast and a part of the studding, as' shown in Fig. 12. Thereupon the forms l are shifted over to the other side and the .boards 53 now force the latter against the opposing spacing members 48, with a gapv left-.between the confronting edges of the same registering with the partly cast studdings. The operation is now completed by applying concrete to the louter faces of the forms and by filling up the gap whereby the material is directed against the partly cast studding.

The advantages of this manner of constructing a house are apparent. The forms may be arranged to allow of the whole house to be completed in one operation and the forms may be used over and over again for successive building operations. The forms maybe shaped to any kind of architecture, adapt themselves readily to round or curved walls and it is not necessary that houses built by means of the same forms showV monotonous repetition in construction. The

concrete maybe thrown or sprayed against the outer faces of the forms in such a manner as to leave the desired surface and as not to require any finishing. If finishing is desired, the method outlined offers a superior finishing surface as compared with surfaces offered by concrete form against a removable mold. My method also provides for a lighter wall for a given amount of material and a given strength than any other method in use known to me.

The structure, of course, offers all the advantages Vof double wall construction providing an air space between the two sides of wall which'forms insulation for heatr and dampness.

I claim:

l. Means for erecting concrete structure comprising two forms and means for holding the same in spaced relation comprising elements made for engagement with edge portions of the outer face of the forms and means engaging with the inner faces for` forcing the outer faces upon the said elements.

2. Means for erecting concrete structure comprising two forms and means for hold- 'ing the same in spaced relation, comprising elements made for engagement with edge portions of the Iouter faces of the forms and means engaging with the inner faces for forcing the outer faces upon the said elements, the latter means being removable to allow the forms to be Vcollapsed inwardly when concrete applied tothe outerk faces has set.

3. Means for erecting concrete structure comprising two sets of spaced elements disposed n vertically spaced relation, a pair of forms adapted to be inserted between the elements of the two sets and means engaging with the inner faces of the forms for forcing the same outwardly against the elements.-

. 4.,Means for erecting concrete structure comprising two sets of spaced elements disposed in vertically spaced relation, a form adapted to be inserted between the elements of the two sets and means utilizingcorresponding elements of the setsfor bracing adapted to force the form upon the other elements.

5. Means for erecting concrete structure comprising a base, runners mounted thereon in spaced relation, pillars supportedon the base between the runners having spacing bars supported relative thereto in vertical alinement with the runners and forms adapted for insertion between the spacing bars and the runners having means associated therewith for spreading the same apart for contacting engagement with the spacing bars and the runners.

6. Means for erecting concrete structure lcomprising a base, runners mounted thereon in spaced relation, pillars supported on the base between the runners having spacing bars supported relative thereto in vertical alinement with the runners, forms adapted fori insertion between the spacing bars and the runners and wedges made for insertion between the forms for spreading the same apart into contacting engagement with the spacing bars andv the runners.

7. Means for erecting concrete structure comprising a base, runners mounted thereon in spaced relation, pillars supported on the base between the runners having spacing Abars supported relative thereto in vertical alinement with the runners and a form adapted for insertion between the spacing bars and the runners having means associated therewith forforcing the same into contacting engagement with one of the runners and the corresponding spacing bars.

- NEAL GARRETT.

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